ABSTRACT
Avaliaram-se o átrio esquerdo (AE) utilizando-se o método bidimensional (2-B) (corte transverso) e a relação átrio esquerdo:aorta (AE:Ao), em um grupo de 40 cães adultos e sadios, entre um, cinco e sete anos de idade e com pesos corpóreos de 3,2kg a 38,3kg, e compararam-se esses valores aos do modo-M convencional. Observou-se diferença entre AE e Ao nos dois métodos e entre os seus respectivos índices. A correlação foi positiva alta entre peso e superfície corpórea e entre AE no modo 2-B (AEB) e AE no modo-M (AEM). Não se observou correlação entre os índices, nos dois métodos, com o peso e a superfície corpórea, isto é, os índices são independentes do peso ou da superfície corpórea. Concluiu-se que o AEB é maior do que o AEM, o índice médio para o AEB:AoB é de 1,379, e o intervalo de confiança de 1,337 a 1,422. O índice no método 2-B é, portanto, superior ao índice no modo-M.
The left atrium (LA) was evaluated through the bidimensional method (2-D) (short axis) and the relation left atrium:aorta (LA:Ao) in a group of 40 healthy adult dogs between 1.5 and 7 years of age and weights ranging from 3.2 to 38.3kg, and these values were compared to those in the conventional M-mode. Comparing the variable LA and Ao with the two methods and their respective indexes, significant statistical difference was observed (P<0,001), high positive correlation between the weight and LA-2D and LAM, between body surface and LA-2D and LAM. A difference between LA and Ao in both methods and these respective indicators were observed. The association was higly positive between weight and body surface area (BSA) and between M- mode LA (LAM) and 2-D mode LA (LA-2D). No correlation was observed between these indicators and weight and BSA, in both methods, so these indicators are weight and BSA-independent. Conclusions: LA-2D is bigger than LAM, the LA-2D:Ao-2D average index is 1,379 and the confidence interval is 1,337 to 1,422. The index in the 2-D method is, therefore, superior to the index in the M-mode.
ABSTRACT
The biphosphonate, alendronate sodium (e.g. Fosamax) is a bone resorption inhibitor used to treat posmenopausal osteoporotic women and osseous Paget's disease. Esophaghitis is one of the adverse effects (AE) associated to its use. Five (5) patients with alendronate-associated esophagitis assisted in the Gastroenterologic Center, Rosario, Argentina, between October 1996 and December 1999 are described. The aim is to correlate the clinical, endoscopic and histopathological findings in 5 women (ages 57-71) complained for upper digestive symptoms (disphagia, epigastrialgia, retroesternal pain). All had osteoporosis treated with alendronate 10 mg/day and received detailed instructions about how to take the medication. The time from the beginning of alendronate intake and the appearence of the symptoms was elapsed 30, 35, 67, 85 and 90 days. The esophagitis was graded according to the Savary-Miller Classification. The videoscopy disclosed esophagitis of III and IV grades. Three patients has also antral and antroduodenal lesions, one of them associated to Helicobacter pylori. Anatomopathological findings confirm esophagitis and esophagic ulceration. Some authors claim that disphosphonates as a new class of gastrotoxic drugs with AE similar to aspirin. Even when it is administrated according to the instructions of the manufactures it should be used with caution. Our contribution emphazise the importance of this AE and suggest measures to diminish or suppres them, and take into consideration those patients who are taking aspirin. With alendronate, as well as with other potentially corrosive agents, is very important to take in mind the measures to prevent AE.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Alendronate/adverse effects , Esophagitis/chemically induced , Postmenopause , Alendronate/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Aspirin/adverse effects , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Time FactorsABSTRACT
El objetivo primordial del presente trabajo es dar una visión general de las características que presenta el hierro en el cuerpo humano y hacer una recopilación de los métodos más recientemente propuestos para su determinación. Esta visión pretende ser una clasificación general de metodologías, ilustradas con ejemplos de casos propuestos por los investigadores actuales para que pueda servir de punto de arranque en un mayor estudio; algo que, creemos, es de la mayor importancia. Se hará así un exhautivo recorrido por lo publicado desde enero de 1983 hasta enero de 1990